Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the FOCUS 1.0 and 2.0 analytic samples stratified by fire department organization type
FOCUS 1.0 | FOCUS 2.0 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total population | Career department | Volunteer department | Total population | Career department | Volunteer department | |||||||
n = 22,719 | n = 21,551 | n = 1,168 | n = 16,882 | n = 16,421 | n = 461 | |||||||
Individual level characteristics | mean ± SD | min–max | mean ± SD | min–max | mean ± SD | min–max | mean ± SD | min–max | mean ± SD | min–max | mean ± SD | min–max |
Age | 40.4 ± 9.8 | 18.0–88.0 | 40.5 ± 9.6 | 18.0–88.0 | 38.1 ± 12.9 | 18.0–79.0 | 40.8 ± 9.87 | 18.0–88.0 | 40.9 ± 9.75 | 18.0–88.0 | 39.1 ± 13.2 | 18.0–75.0 |
Years of experience | 16.5 ± 9.5 | 1.00–56.0 | 16.6 ± 9.3 | 1.00–56.0 | 15.2 ± 12.1 | 1.00–56.0 | 15.9 ± 9.55 | 1.00–60.0 | 15.9 ± 9.46 | 1.00–58.0 | 13.6 ± 12.1 | 1.00–60.0 |
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Sex | ||||||||||||
Male | 20,611 | 90.7 | 19,615 | 91.0 | 996 | 85.3 | 15,258 | 90.4 | 14,863 | 90.5 | 395 | 85.7 |
Female | 1068 | 4.7 | 965 | 4.5 | 103 | 8.8 | 1061 | 6.3 | 1012 | 6.2 | 49 | 10.6 |
Missing | 1040 | 4.6 | 971 | 4.5 | 69 | 5.9 | 563 | 3.3 | 546 | 3.3 | 17 | 3.7 |
Rank | ||||||||||||
Firefighter | 4198 | 18.5 | 3798 | 17.6 | 400 | 34.2 | 3121 | 18.5 | 2999 | 18.3 | 122 | 26.5 |
Paramedic | 456 | 2.0 | 449 | 2.1 | 7 | 0.6 | 335 | 2.0 | 333 | 2.0 | < 5 | - |
EMT | 186 | 0.8 | 159 | 0.7 | 27 | 2.3 | 176 | 1.0 | 164 | 1.0 | 12 | 2.6 |
Lieutenant | 1735 | 7.6 | 1682 | 7.8 | 53 | 4.5 | 1291 | 7.6 | 1269 | 7.7 | 22 | 4.8 |
Captain | 1958 | 8.6 | 1912 | 8.9 | 46 | 3.9 | 1488 | 8.8 | 1467 | 8.9 | 21 | 4.6 |
Battalion Chief | 754 | 3.3 | 704 | 3.3 | 50 | 4.3 | 515 | 3.1 | 508 | 3.1 | 7 | 1.5 |
Chief/Commissioner | 242 | 1.1 | 193 | 0.9 | 49 | 4.2 | 221 | 1.3 | 201 | 1.2 | 20 | 4.3 |
More than one selected | 12,812 | 56.4 | 12,300 | 57.1 | 512 | 43.8 | 9375 | 55.5 | 9127 | 55.6 | 248 | 53.8 |
Missing | 378 | 1.7 | 354 | 1.6 | 24 | 2.1 | 360 | 2.1 | 353 | 2.1 | 7 | 1.5 |
Officer status* | ||||||||||||
Non-officer | 15,548 | 68.4 | 14,633 | 67.9 | 815 | 69.8 | 11,206 | 66.4 | 10,883 | 66.3 | 323 | 70.1 |
Officer | 5684 | 25.0 | 5486 | 25.5 | 198 | 17.0 | 4411 | 26.1 | 4331 | 26.4 | 80 | 17.4 |
Leadership | 1209 | 5.3 | 1078 | 5.0 | 131 | 11.2 | 905 | 5.4 | 854 | 5.2 | 51 | 11.1 |
Missing | 378 | 1.7 | 354 | 1.6 | 24 | 2.1 | 360 | 2.1 | 353 | 2.1 | 7 | 1.5 |
Race and Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
Hispanic | 1623 | 7.1 | 1607 | 7.5 | 16 | 1.4 | 1282 | 7.6 | 1273 | 7.8 | 9 | 2.0 |
More than one | 1235 | 5.4 | 1214 | 5.6 | 21 | 1.8 | 917 | 5.4 | 905 | 5.5 | 12 | 2.6 |
Non-Hispanic Black or African American | 1157 | 5.1 | 1145 | 5.3 | 12 | 1.0 | 1233 | 7.3 | 1227 | 7.5 | 6 | 1.3 |
Non-Hispanic White | 16,086 | 70.8 | 15,032 | 69.8 | 1054 | 90.2 | 11,733 | 69.5 | 11,324 | 69.0 | 409 | 88.7 |
Other** | 1539 | 6.8 | 1515 | 7.0 | 24 | 2.1 | 992 | 5.9 | 976 | 5.9 | 16 | 3.5 |
Missing | 1079 | 4.7 | 1038 | 4.8 | 41 | 3.5 | 725 | 4.3 | 716 | 4.4 | 9 | 2.0 |
Education | ||||||||||||
Less than high school | 38 | 0.2 | 35 | 0.2 | < 5 | 30 | 0.2 | 28 | 0.2 | < 5 | - | |
High school or equivalent | 8984 | 39.5 | 8475 | 39.3 | 509 | 43.6 | 6502 | 38.5 | 6334 | 38.6 | 168 | 36.4 |
Undergraduate degree | 11,950 | 52.6 | 11,445 | 53.1 | 505 | 43.2 | 9174 | 54.3 | 8945 | 54.5 | 229 | 49.7 |
Graduate degree | 1060 | 4.7 | 967 | 4.5 | 93 | 8.0 | 892 | 5.3 | 839 | 5.1 | 53 | 11.5 |
Missing | 687 | 3.0 | 629 | 2.9 | 58 | 5.0 | 284 | 1.7 | 275 | 1.7 | 9 | 2.0 |
Injury last 12 months | ||||||||||||
No | 18,485 | 81.4 | 17,436 | 80.9 | 1049 | 89.8 | 13,649 | 80.8 | 13,231 | 80.6 | 418 | 90.7 |
Yes | 3881 | 17.1 | 3778 | 17.5 | 103 | 8.8 | 3106 | 18.4 | 3072 | 18.7 | 34 | 7.4 |
Missing | 353 | 1.6 | 337 | 1.6 | 16 | 1.4 | 127 | 0.8 | 118 | 0.7 | 9 | 2.0 |
Medical Treatment for Injury¥ | ||||||||||||
No | 1203 | 31.0 | 1171 | 31.0 | 32 | 31.1 | 1053 | 33.9 | 1041 | 33.9 | 12 | 35.3 |
Yes | 2666 | 68.7 | 2595 | 68.7 | 71 | 68.9 | 2047 | 65.9 | 2025 | 65.9 | 22 | 64.7 |
Missing | 12 | 0.3 | 12 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 0.2 | 6 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.0 |
Total departments | Career department | Volunteer department | Total departments | Career department | Volunteer department | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 275 | n = 206 | n = 69 | n = 170 | n = 145 | n = 25 | |||||||
Fire department characteristics | mean ± SD | min–max | mean ± SD | min–max | mean ± SD | min–max | mean ± SD | min–max | mean ± SD | min–max | mean ± SD | min–max |
Percent EMS runs | 67.7 ± 18.7 | 1.00–95.0 | 70.5 ± 15.2 | 1.00–95.0 | 59.5 ± 24.9 | 1.00–95.0 | 65.5 ± 18.7 | 2.36–96.7 | 68.0 ± 15.1 | 8.00–96.7 | 51.1 ± 28.9 | 2.36–86.7 |
Percent fire runs | 25.9 ± 19.8 | 1.00–99.0 | 22.1 ± 15.8 | 1.00–88.0 | 37.0 ± 25.7 | 1.00–99.0 | 26.4 ± 21.5 | 1.00–97.6 | 23.5 ± 18.5 | 1.00–92.0 | 43.6 ± 29.2 | 2.00–97.6 |
Engagement on EMS runs | 73.8 ± 5.30 | 61.3–93.3 | 72.7 ± 4.86 | 61.3–90.0 | 77.1 ± 5.27 | 65.2–93.3 | 73.9 ± 4.84 | 63.1–88.5 | 73.0 ± 4.23 | 63.1–82.3 | 78.8 ± 5.25 | 69.3–88.5 |
Engagement on fire runs | 82.2 ± 3.80 | 72.7–93.3 | 81.7 ± 3.35 | 72.7–92.2 | 83.6 ± 4.63 | 73.6–93.3 | 83.8 ± 3.86 | 73.0–93.6 | 83.5 ± 3.57 | 73.0–93.6 | 85.2 ± 5.07 | 73.3–93.3 |
Job Satisfaction | 78.2 ± 7.69 | 56.7–92.5 | 77.1 ± 7.50 | 56.7–92.5 | 81.3 ± 7.40 | 59.6–92.0 | 78.1 ± 7.14 | 61.1–98.3 | 77.0 ± 6.63 | 61.1–92.7 | 84.7 ± 6.49 | 69.2–98.3 |
Safety Behavior | 86.0 ± 5.98 | 66.2–97.8 | 85.8 ± 5.52 | 66.2–96.7 | 86.6 ± 7.21 | 68.7–97.8 | 86.6 ± 6.02 | 68.6–98.9 | 86.5 ± 5.94 | 69.3–97.3 | 87.4 ± 6.53 | 68.6–98.9 |
Safety Compliance | 86.4 ± 5.03 | 64.5–98.3 | 87.2 ± 4.38 | 64.5–98.3 | 84.3 ± 6.17 | 67.0–93.3 | 88.3 ± 4.74 | 63.3–96.2 | 88.9 ± 3.98 | 78.9–96.2 | 84.8 ± 6.96 | 63.3–92.9 |
Management Commitment | 71.4 ± 9.30 | 46.0–94.6 | 68.5 ± 8.14 | 46.0–90.7 | 79.9 ± 7.20 | 57.4–94.6 | 70.0 ± 10.0 | 45.3–98.6 | 67.8 ± 8.67 | 45.3–88.7 | 82.9 ± 7.21 | 61.5–98.6 |
Supervisor Support | 81.2 ± 4.34 | 63.1–97.0 | 80.8 ± 3.67 | 69.2–90.4 | 82.1 ± 5.83 | 63.1–97.0 | 83.0 ± 3.88 | 71.8–98.1 | 82.6 ± 3.36 | 71.8–93.1 | 85.6 ± 5.46 | 74.9–98.1 |
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Roster size | ||||||||||||
0–24 | 40 | 14.5 | 28 | 13.6 | 12 | 17.4 | 18 | 10.6 | 13 | 9.0 | 5 | 20.0 |
25–49 | 85 | 30.9 | 57 | 27.7 | 28 | 40.6 | 39 | 22.9 | 29 | 20.0 | 10 | 40.0 |
50–99 | 78 | 28.4 | 54 | 26.2 | 24 | 34.8 | 53 | 31.2 | 46 | 31.7 | 7 | 28.0 |
100 + | 72 | 26.2 | 67 | 32.5 | 5 | 7.2 | 60 | 35.3 | 57 | 39.3 | 3 | 12.0 |
Missing | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Annual number of calls | ||||||||||||
0–499 | 16 | 5.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 16 | 23.2 | 11 | 6.5 | 3 | 2.1 | 8 | 32.0 |
500–999 | 26 | 9.5 | 4 | 1.9 | 22 | 31.9 | 11 | 6.5 | 4 | 2.8 | 7 | 28.0 |
1000–4999 | 120 | 43.6 | 91 | 44.2 | 29 | 42.0 | 61 | 35.9 | 53 | 36.6 | 8 | 32.0 |
5000–9999 | 42 | 15.3 | 40 | 19.4 | 2 | 2.9 | 36 | 21.2 | 34 | 23.4 | 2 | 8.0 |
10,000+ | 70 | 25.5 | 70 | 34.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 51 | 30.0 | 51 | 35.2 | 0 | 0.0 |
Missing | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Population served | ||||||||||||
0–4999 | 17 | 6.2 | 1 | 0.5 | 16 | 23.2 | 5 | 2.9 | 1 | 0.7 | 4 | 16.0 |
5000– 9999 | 21 | 7.6 | 7 | 3.4 | 14 | 20.3 | 13 | 7.6 | 7 | 4.8 | 6 | 24.0 |
10,000–24,999 | 67 | 24.4 | 42 | 20.4 | 25 | 36.2 | 37 | 21.8 | 28 | 19.3 | 9 | 36.0 |
25,000–49,999 | 67 | 24.4 | 56 | 27.2 | 11 | 15.9 | 36 | 21.2 | 31 | 21.4 | 5 | 20.0 |
50,000–99,999 | 43 | 15.6 | 42 | 20.4 | 1 | 1.4 | 32 | 18.8 | 31 | 21.4 | 1 | 4.0 |
100,000+ | 53 | 19.3 | 53 | 25.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 45 | 26.5 | 45 | 31.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Missing | 7 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.4 | 2 | 2.9 | 2 | 1.2 | 2 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.0 |
FEMA region | ||||||||||||
1 | 22 | 8.0 | 12 | 5.8 | 10 | 14.5 | 13 | 7.6 | 10 | 6.9 | 3 | 12.0 |
2 | 15 | 5.5 | 6 | 2.9 | 9 | 13.0 | 8 | 4.7 | 5 | 3.4 | 3 | 12.0 |
3 | 22 | 8.0 | 15 | 7.3 | 7 | 10.1 | 14 | 8.2 | 10 | 6.9 | 4 | 16.0 |
4 | 37 | 13.5 | 32 | 15.5 | 5 | 7.2 | 26 | 15.3 | 25 | 17.2 | 1 | 4.0 |
5 | 70 | 25.5 | 50 | 24.3 | 20 | 29.0 | 38 | 22.4 | 30 | 20.7 | 8 | 32.0 |
6 | 19 | 6.9 | 18 | 8.7 | 1 | 1.4 | 11 | 6.5 | 10 | 6.9 | 1 | 4.0 |
7 | 23 | 8.4 | 17 | 8.3 | 6 | 8.7 | 12 | 7.1 | 11 | 7.6 | 1 | 4.0 |
8 | 17 | 6.2 | 15 | 7.3 | 2 | 2.9 | 12 | 7.1 | 10 | 6.9 | 2 | 8.0 |
9 | 24 | 8.7 | 23 | 11.2 | 1 | 1.4 | 23 | 13.5 | 23 | 15.9 | 0 | 0.0 |
10 | 26 | 9.5 | 18 | 8.7 | 8 | 11.6 | 13 | 7.6 | 11 | 7.6 | 2 | 8.0 |
CPSE accrediation | ||||||||||||
No | 244 | 88.7 | 176 | 85.4 | 68 | 98.6 | 145 | 85.3 | 121 | 83.4 | 24 | 96.0 |
Yes | 31 | 11.3 | 30 | 14.6 | 1 | 1.4 | 25 | 14.7 | 24 | 16.6 | 1 | 4.0 |
ISO rating | ||||||||||||
High (1, 2, 3) | 161 | 58.5 | 147 | 71.4 | 14 | 20.3 | 127 | 74.7 | 116 | 80.0 | 11 | 44.0 |
Medium (4, 5, 6) | 93 | 33.8 | 48 | 23.3 | 45 | 65.2 | 33 | 19.4 | 24 | 16.6 | 9 | 36.0 |
Low (7, 8, 9, 10) | 8 | 2.9 | 2 | 1.0 | 6 | 8.7 | 2 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 8.0 |
Missing | 13 | 4.7 | 9 | 4.4 | 4 | 5.8 | 8 | 4.7 | 5 | 3.4 | 3 | 12.0 |