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Table 4 Beliefs concerning race and ethnicity and American society

From: Single-year change in views of democracy and society and support for political violence in the USA: findings from a 2023 nationally representative survey

Statement

2022 Respondents (n = 12,947)

2023 Respondents (n = 9385)

Mean Difference,* 2022–2023

Unweighted n

Weighted % (95% CI)

Mean score (95% CI)

Unweighted n

Weighted % (95% CI) Mean score (95% CI)

Unweighted n

Weighted % (95% CI) Mean score (95% CI)

White people benefit from advantages in society that Black people do not have

Do not agree (1)

4654

31.6 (30.6, 32.6)

3471

31.7 (30.5, 32.9)

9385

0.2 (− 0.9, 1.3)

Somewhat agree (2)

3665

27.8 (26.8, 28.8)

2828

29.9 (28.7, 31.2)

9385

2.5 (1.0, 3.9)

Strongly or very strongly agree (3)

4508

39.3 (38.2, 40.4)

2925

35.6 (34.2, 36.9)

9385

 − 3.9 (− 5.1, − 2.8)

Non-response

120

1.3 (1.1, 1.6)

161

2.8 (2.2, 3.3)

9385

1.2 (0.7, 1.7)

Item score†

12,827

2.08 (2.06, 2.10)

9224

2.04 (2.02, 2.06)

9181

 − 0.042 (− 0.060, − 0.025)

Discrimination against whites is as big a problem as discrimination against Blacks and other minorities

Do not agree (1)

6007

49.5 (48.4, 50.6)

4126

48.1 (46.7, 49.5)

9385

 − 2.2 (− 3.4, − 0.9)

Somewhat agree (2)

3071

22.6 (21.7, 23.6)

2444

24.7 (23.6, 25.9)

9385

2.1 (0.7, 3.5)

Strongly or very strongly agree (3)

3759

26.6 (25.6, 27.6)

2682

24.9 (23.7, 26.0)

9385

 − 0.9 (− 2.1, 0.3)

Non-response

110

1.2 (1.0, 1.5)

133

2.3 (1.8, 2.8)

9385

0.9 (0.5, 1.4)

Item score†

12,837

1.77 (1.75, 1.79)

9252

1.76 (1.74, 1.78)

9210

0.009 (− 0.011, 0.028)

Having more Black Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans is good for the country

Do not agree (1)

2774

18.5 (17.6, 19.3)

2323

20.7 (19.7, 21.8)

9385

2.9 (1.7, 4.0)

Somewhat agree (2)

4595

34.3 (33.2, 35.3)

3429

35.7 (34.4, 37.1)

9385

0.7 (− 0.9, 2.2)

Strongly or very strongly agree (3)

5320

45.1 (44.0, 46.2)

3338

39.6 (38.2, 40.9)

9385

 − 5.0 (− 6.4, − 3.7)

Non-response

258

2.2 (1.9, 2.6)

295

4.0 (3.4, 4.5)

9385

1.5 (0.9, 2.1)

Item score†

12,689

2.27 (2.26, 2.29)

9090

2.20 (2.18, 2.22)

8979

 − 0.079 (− 0.099, − 0.059)

In America, native-born white people are being replaced by immigrants

Do not agree (1)

7136

57.9 (56.8, 59.0)

5301

58.5 (57.1, 59.8)

9385

0.4 (− 1.1, 1.9)

Somewhat agree (2)

3483

25.0 (24.1, 26.0)

2099

21.7 (20.6, 22.9)

9385

 − 3.0 (− 4.5, − 1.5)

Strongly or very strongly agree (3)

2190

15.7 (14.9, 16.5)

1783

16.4 (15.5, 17.4)

9385

0.8 (− 0.3, 2.0)

Non-response

138

1.4 (1.1, 1.7)

202

3.4 (2.8, 3.9)

9385

1.8 (1.2, 2.3)

Item score†

12,809

1.57 (1.55, 1.59)

9183

1.57 (1.54, 1.59)

9121

 − 0.007 (− 0.029, 0.016)

  1. *Among respondents to both surveys (n = 9385)
  2. †Mean scores in 2022 and 2023 were scored using values indicated in the response lines for individual items. Non-responses were excluded from mean score calculations and differences in mean scores were computed in the subsample of respondents with non-missing responses in both years by computing within-individual change scores and averaging them, to account for the longitudinal study design. For computing differences in individual response levels, indicator variables were computed for each item for each response level and within-individual differences in these were computed and averaged in the subsample of respondents who responded to the survey in both years. This explains why the unweighted n for the mean differences varies
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Injury Epidemiology

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