Table 8 Personal willingness to engage in political violence, by type of violence
In a situation where you think force or violence is justified to advance an important political objective…How willing would you personally be to use force or violence in each of these ways? | 2022 Respondents (n = 12,947) | 2023 Respondents (n = 9385) | Mean Difference,* 2022–2023 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unweighted n | Weighted % (95% CI) Mean score (95% CI) | Unweighted n | Weighted % (95% CI) Mean score (95% CI) | Unweighted n | Weighted % (95% CI) Mean score (95% CI) | |
To damage property | ||||||
Not asked the question† | 2558 | 21.8 (20.9, 22.8) | 2468 | 30.2 (28.9, 31.5) | 9338 | 7.8 (6.3, 9.2) |
Not willing (1) | 9101 | 66.9 (65.8, 68.0) | 5856 | 57.3 (55.9, 58.7) | 9338 | − 9.2 (− 10.8, − 7.5) |
Somewhat willing (2) | 920 | 7.6 (7.0, 8.2) | 755 | 9.0 (8.2, 9.8) | 9338 | 1.3 (0.3, 2.4) |
Very or completely willing (3) | 303 | 2.9 (2.5, 3.4) | 224 | 3.0 (2.5, 3.6) | 9338 | 0.1 (− 0.5, 0.7) |
Non-response | 65 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) | 35 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.8) | 9338 | − 0.1 (− 0.4, 0.2) |
Item score‡ | 10,324 | 1.17 (1.16, 1.19) | 6835 | 1.22 (1.20, 1.24) | 5960 | 0.033 (0.011, 0.054) |
To threaten or intimidate a person | ||||||
Not asked the question† | 2558 | 21.8 (20.9, 22.8) | 2468 | 30.2 (28.9, 31.5) | 9338 | 7.8 (6.3, 9.2) |
Not willing (1) | 9221 | 67.8 (66.8, 68.9) | 5900 | 58.5 (57.1, 59.8) | 9338 | − 8.8 (− 10.5, − 7.2) |
Somewhat willing (2) | 883 | 7.5 (6.8, 8.1) | 746 | 8.3 (7.5, 9.1) | 9338 | 0.8 (− 0.1, 1.7) |
Very or completely willing (3) | 210 | 2.0 (1.7, 2.4) | 177 | 2.4 (2.0, 3.0) | 9338 | 0.3 (− 0.2, 0.9) |
Non-response | 75 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 47 | 0.6 (0.5, 0.9) | 9338 | − 0.1 (− 0.4, 0.2) |
Item score‡ | 10,314 | 1.15 (1.14, 1.16) | 6823 | 1.19 (1.17, 1.21) | 5942 | 0.025 (0.005, 0.046) |
To injure a person | ||||||
Not asked the question† | 2558 | 21.8 (20.9, 22.8) | 2468 | 30.2 (28.9, 31.5) | 9338 | 7.8 (6.3, 9.2) |
Not willing (1) | 9374 | 69.3 (68.3, 70.4) | 6137 | 60.6 (59.2, 62.0) | 9338 | − 8.4 (− 10.1, − 6.8) |
Somewhat willing (2) | 709 | 6.0 (5.4, 6.6) | 521 | 6.2 (5.5, 7.0) | 9338 | 0.6 (− 0.3, 1.4) |
Very or completely willing (3) | 217 | 2.0 (1.7, 2.4) | 158 | 2.2 (1.8, 2.7) | 9338 | 0.0 (− 0.5, 0.6) |
Non-response | 89 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 54 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 9338 | 0.0 (− 0.3, 0.4) |
Item score‡ | 10,300 | 1.13 (1.12, 1.14) | 6816 | 1.15 (1.14, 1.17) | 5931 | 0.016 (− 0.005, 0.036) |
To kill a person | ||||||
Not asked the question† | 2558 | 21.8 (20.9, 22.8) | 2468 | 30.2 (28.9, 31.5) | 9338 | 7.8 (6.3, 9.2) |
Not willing (1) | 9666 | 71.9 (70.9, 73.0) | 6388 | 63.6 (62.2, 65.0) | 9338 | − 7.8 (− 9.4, − 6.2) |
Somewhat willing (2) | 423 | 3.4 (3.0, 3.9) | 292 | 3.7 (3.1, 4.3) | 9338 | 0.3 (− 0.4, 1.0) |
Very or completely willing (3) | 225 | 1.9 (1.6, 2.3) | 142 | 1.8 (1.5, 2.3) | 9338 | − 0.2 (− 0.7, 0.4) |
Non-response | 75 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 48 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) | 9338 | − 0.1 (− 0.5, 0.3) |
Item score‡ | 10,314 | 1.09 (1.08, 1.10) | 6870 | 1.09 (1.07, 1.10) | 5943 | 0.004 (− 0.015, 0.022) |