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Table 1 Average firearm inpatient hospitalization rate per 100,000, prior to and after law changes compared to their respective control groups

From: Firearm injury hospitalizations and handgun purchaser licensing laws: longitudinal evaluation of state-level purchaser licensure requirements on firearm violence, 2000–2016

 

Prior to law change

After law change

Difference

Missouri

1.537

1.732

0.195

Controls

0.765

0.724

 − 0.041

Michigan

1.439

1.15

 − 0.289

Controls

0.765

0.674

 − 0.091

Maryland

1.719

1.044

 − 0.675

Controls

0.938

0.923

 − 0.015

  1. Missouri repealed its HPL law in 2007, Michigan partially repealed its HPL law in 2012, and Maryland adopted its HPL law in 2013. Missouri and Michigan control states consisted of Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, and North Carolina; Maryland control states consisted of all other states excluding the control states for Missouri and Michigan