Table 2 Characteristics of exposures involving gabapentin or pregabalin as the primary substance reported to the national poison data system by bubstance, 2012–2022
From: Gabapentin and pregabalin exposures reported to United States poison centers, 2012–2022
Characteristics | Substance | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Gabapentin n (%)a | Pregabalin n (%)a | Total n (%)a | |
Sex | |||
Male | 43,525 (41.0) | 6,741 (38.6) | 50,266 (40.6) |
Female | 62,731 (59.0) | 10,720 (61.4) | 73,451 (59.4) |
Unknown | 383 | 61 | 444 |
Age group | |||
≤5 years | 12,750 (12.5) | 2,829 (16.9) | 15,579 (13.1) |
6-19 years | 8,892 (8.7) | 1,264 (7.5) | 10,156 (18.5) |
20-29 years | 14,038 (13.7) | 1,560 (9.3) | 15,598 (13.1) |
30-39 years | 17,385 (17.0) | 2,366 (14.1) | 19,751 (16.6) |
40-49 years | 16,322 (16.0) | 2,700 (16.1) | 19,022 (16.0) |
50-59 years | 15,340 (15.0) | 2,766 (16.5) | 18,106 (15.2) |
≥60 years | 17,411 (17.1) | 3,277 (19.6) | 20,688 (17.4) |
Unknown | 4,501 | 760 | 5,261 |
Type of exposure | |||
Single-substance | 66,819 (62.7) | 11,409 (65.1) | 77,228 (63.0) |
Multiple-substance | 39,820 (37.3) | 6,113 (34.9) | 45,933 (37.0) |
Reason for exposure | |||
Unintentional | 39,480 (37.6) | 7,493 (43.5) | 46,973 (38.5) |
Unintentional–general | 15,136 (14.4) | 3,161 (18.4) | 18,297 (15.0) |
Unintentional–therapeutic error | 23,527 (22.4) | 4,183 (24.3) | 27,710 (22.7) |
Unintentional–otherb | 642 (0.6) | 107 (0.6) | 749 (0.6) |
Unintentional–unknown | 175 (0.2) | 42 (0.2) | 217 (0.2) |
Intentional | 62,498 (59.6) | 8,953 (52.1) | 70,451 (58.5) |
Intentional–suspected suicide | 48,701 (46.4) | 6,504 (37.8) | 54,205 (45.2) |
Intentional–misuse | 5,617 (5.4) | 1,019 (5.9) | 6,636 (5.4) |
Intentional–abuse | 4,848 (4.6) | 852 (5.0) | 5,700 (4.7) |
Intentional–unknown | 3,332 (3.2) | 578 (3.4) | 3,910 (3.2) |
Otherc | 2,939 (2.8) | 753 (4.4) | 3,692 (3.0) |
Unknown | 1,722 | 323 | 2,045 |
Management site | |||
Managed on site (not in a healthcare facility) | 32,887 (31.1) | 5,719 (32.9) | 38,606 (31.3) |
Individual already in (en route to) a healthcare facility | 63,709 (60.2) | 10,004 (57.5) | 73,713 (59.8) |
Individual referred by poison center to a healthcare facility | 8,466 (8.0) | 1,512 (8.7) | 9,978 (8.1) |
Other | 822 (0.8) | 151 (0.9) | 973 (0.8) |
Unknown | 755 | 136 | 891 |
Highest level of health care received | |||
No healthcare facility treatment receivedd | 33,709 (33.9) | 5,870 (35.8) | 39,579 (34.1) |
Treated/evaluated and released | 24,916 (25.0) | 4,130 (25.2) | 29,046 (25.0) |
Admitted | 38,954 (39.1) | 6,033 (36.7) | 44,967 (38.7) |
Admitted to a critical care unit | 11,242 (11.3) | 2,245 (13.7) | 13,487 (11.6) |
Admitted to a non-critical care unit | 9,129 (9.2) | 1,583 (9.6) | 10,712 (9.2) |
Admitted to a psychiatric facility | 18,583 (18.6) | 2,205 (13.4) | 20,768 (17.9) |
Refused referral/did not arrive at healthcare facility | 1,996 (2.0) | 381 (2.3) | 2,377 (2.0) |
Unknowne | 7,084 | 1,108 | 8,192 |
Medical outcome | |||
No effect | 23,874 (23.8) | 3,683 (22.4) | 27,557 (23.6) |
Minor effect | 27,631 (27.6) | 4,306 (26.2) | 31,937 (27.4) |
Serious medical outcome | 21,505 (21.4) | 4,154 (25.2) | 25,659 (22.0) |
Moderate effect | 17,964 (17.9) | 3,425 (20.8) | 21,389 (18.3) |
Major effect | 3,452 (3.4) | 722 (4.4) | 4,174 (3.6) |
Death | 89 (0.1) | 7 (0.0) | 96 (0.1) |
Not followedf | 27,135 (27.1) | 4,285 (26.1) | 31,420 (26.9) |
Unknowng | 6,494 | 1,094 | 7,588 |
Total (row %) | 106,639 (85.9) | 17,522 (14.1) | 124,161 (100.0) |